Find out more about the theory of trench warfare

Find out more about the reality of trench warfare

Look at a case study focusing on Gavrelle trench

Find out more about the development of trench warfare

Find out more about German trench systems

Find out more about the Battle of Arras

The theory – Source 1

Notes entitled Some Leading Principles in Trench Design. (DUL ref: Lowe Papers, File A4)

This set of notes on trench design can be found amongst the papers of W D Lowe, Lieutenant Colonel of the 18th Battalion Durham Light Infantry, who fought in the First World War. Read it carefully to see what it tells you about the theory of trench warfare. A transcript and enlarged version are available.

1. Make a note of all the key features of the following:

  • Firing line trenches
  • Support trenches
  • Shelters
  • Communication trenches
  • Keeps 

2. The source says that these notes ar not to be departed from. How strictly do you think they were followed?

3. If you were in charge of building trenches which features would you make sure were included? Why?

4. Do you think the trenches described in this document would have been easy or difficult to attack? Explain your answer. What impact might this have had on fighting in the First World War?

5. What does this source tell you about trench warfare?

Finished? Find out more about trench design by looking at some examples of trench design.

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